Abstract

This paper discusses the importance of social studies and their role in the development and progress of societies. No community can achieve sustainable growth without a clear understanding of its own reality and structural levels. The paper emphasizes that social sciences must be rooted in local realities and specific circumstances, rather than being limited to the application of universal developmental models. Social studies are characterized by their ability to link temporal and spatial dimensions, which makes them a fertile field for preparing a generation that is socially aware, engaged with its values, and capable of facing contemporary challenges. They contribute to introducing learners to social, economic, and cultural phenomena, while instilling values of humanity, peace, and critical thinking. The paper also highlights the main objectives of social studies, including strengthening national identity, promoting moral values, fostering international understanding, addressing environmental and resource-related issues, and recognizing the value of science and scientists in the advancement of civilizations.

Abstract

This research paper addresses the impact of the science of chemistry on serving Islamic civilization during the Abbasid state, highlighting the contributions of Muslim scholars in chemistry to the advancement of Islamic civilization in that era. The methodological steps followed by the researcher are as follows: First: Defining the science of chemistry and its early emergence. This part of the study provides a comprehensive definition of chemistry, its origins, and its achievements. Second: A review of some chemists in the Abbasid state. This section begins with the founder of Islamic chemistry as an introduction to the study, and then explores chemists of the Abbasid era, their contributions, key works, and the promotion of intellectual integration and civilizational progress. Third: Demonstrating the impact of chemists on serving Islamic civilization, which is analyzed in two aspects: cognitive and economic. Finally, the conclusion presents the main findings and recommendations. The researcher draws conclusions from narratives obtained from the referenced sources, historical facts, and comparisons with other studies on the topic. The study is supplemented with a list of sources and references from which the narratives and texts in the research were derived.

Abstract

This study addresses the ethics of the teaching profession and its importance in enhancing the quality of education in Libya, with a focus on developing a vision for a national ethical charter for the teaching profession. Teaching is considered a noble profession with high moral value, as teachers guide human, social, and educational behavior toward solidarity and mutual respect, serving as a cornerstone for societal stability and the achievement of peace. The study highlights the critical role of teachers in the educational process, shaping both the present and future of society, and preparing generations to face contemporary challenges. The researcher emphasizes that a teacher’s commitment to professional ethics enhances their ability to perform duties effectively, sets them as a role model for students, and positively influences students’ behavior. Global studies also indicate that weak adherence to professional ethics negatively impacts employee performance, including that of teachers. The study addresses the issue of weak adherence to teaching ethics at both Arab and global levels and raises the central question: What are the ethics of the teaching profession, and what is proposed for a national ethical charter for education in Libya? Sub-questions include the concept of education, sources of its ethics, principles and moral values, required ethical traits in teachers, global and Arab charters, and the proposed vision for a national charter. The significance of the study stems from strengthening the moral role of teachers, elevating the profession, developing the educational process with a humanistic spirit and high ethical values, enriching the Libyan academic library with specialized research, and presenting a practical vision to establish a national ethical charter for education in Libya. Methodology: The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical approach by reviewing published literature, research studies, and reports addressing teaching ethics, paving the way to formulate a vision for a national ethical charter for the teaching profession in Libya.

Abstract

This study focuses on an important aspect of the Arabic language: semantics, a branch of modern linguistics, with particular attention to semantic deviations caused by verbal errors. The research highlights that Arabic is a derivational language, where many words are phonetically and semantically similar. This similarity can lead to mispronunciations among non-specialists or the general public, resulting in semantic deviation. The study examines the phonetic causes of these deviations, such as similarities between consonants and vowels, and the substitution of one sound for another, whether intentional or unintentional, and its effect on meaning and understanding. It provides multiple examples, such as the word “ʿatīd,” which evolved to mean “ʿatīq” (ancient) or “ʿanīd” (stubborn) due to erroneous analogy with other words, or differences in pronunciation across tribes without altering the fundamental meaning of words, as seen in examples from the Qur’an and classical Arabic. The research also notes that such phonetic deviations do not necessarily constitute a semantic change but can become common semantic errors due to mispronunciation, weak linguistic formation, influence of local dialects, or lack of familiarity with classical texts. Some scholars consider this phenomenon a factor in linguistic evolution and vocabulary expansion, yet it also requires caution to avoid distorting the true meaning of words. The primary objective of this study is to illustrate the effect of colloquial usage on semantic deviation in Arabic, emphasizing the relationship between sound and meaning and clarifying that common errors are not purely linguistic development but may result from misunderstanding or phonetic similarity between words.

Abstract

This study explores the concept of divine love in Islamic thought, focusing on Avicenna (Ibn Sina) as a prominent figure in the Islamic philosophical tradition. Divine love represents the bond between humans and their Creator, guiding spiritual and ethical behavior, and reflecting the relationship between the servant and the Divine. The concept evolved with the expansion of the Islamic state and interaction with diverse cultures, while Sufi thinkers emphasized a mystical approach. For Ibn Sina, God is the ultimate Beloved of human souls, characterized by perfection and transcendence beyond comparison. The study aims to clarify the notion of divine love and its impact on the life of the community, examining the views of key Muslim philosophers, particularly Ibn Sina, and comparing them with Ibn Rushd. It investigates the originality of this concept in Islam, its connection to Islamic heritage, and contrasts it with Western philosophical perspectives. Methodologically, the research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine philosophical views, a comparative approach to analyze Ibn Sina’s and Ibn Rushd’s positions, and a critical approach to discuss the perspectives of Plato and Aristotle, highlighting differences between Islamic and Greek philosophical contexts. The study relies on primary sources and classical texts to ensure accurate documentation and scholarly analysis.

Abstract

Crime, as a social phenomenon, has existed as long as human society itself. It is one of the persistent social realities that societies have sought to manage through various measures aimed at limiting its occurrence and mitigating its negative effects. While some philosophers and ethicists have imagined ideal societies free from deviant behavior and crime, historical evidence from religious texts, customs, and laws illustrates the continuous presence of crime and the corresponding punishments imposed throughout history. Crime has long occupied the attention of thinkers and researchers, who have sought to identify its causes, consequences, and the best methods to deter it. Scholars have also studied the criminal as an individual, exploring their psychological, social, and economic traits, as well as the conditions that push them toward behavior deemed punishable by society, as it threatens communal security and stability. Despite the ongoing development of societal norms and rules to guide individual behavior, crime persists across human societies, varying in form, intensity, and prevalence. This demonstrates the relative nature of crime, which depends on cultural norms, societal values, and the historical context. Acts are criminalized only when they conflict with the collective understanding of a society and threaten its cohesion. Historically, early human societies viewed crime as a violation of sacred beliefs or the influence of malevolent spirits, demanding severe punishments to appease divine forces. Over time, with the rise of religions, philosophical thought, and social reform, crime came to be seen as a manifestation of human behavior requiring ethical, social, and religious guidance to manage. Gradually, legal systems developed to define and punish harmful acts objectively, independent of religious or philosophical beliefs. Crime is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon studied across disciplines. Social perspectives define crime as behavior that violates societal norms or harms communal well-being. Ethical perspectives see crime as actions contrary to the natural moral order, where human selfishness conflicts with altruism. Legal perspectives emphasize codified laws, asserting the principle that "no crime and no punishment exist without legal text," with a focus on objective definitions, proportional penalties, and due process. Modern legal frameworks and international human rights standards have further shaped the treatment of crime and criminals. Human rights instruments, such as the United Nations Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), underscore the importance of respecting the rights and dignity of suspects and convicted individuals during investigation, trial, and incarceration, reflecting the ethical and social dimensions of crime management in contemporary society. This study traces the evolution of the concept of crime and the philosophy of punishment in human societies, examining social, moral, and legal perspectives, and highlighting the interplay between culture, law, and human behavior in defining and addressing crime.