Abstract

The banking system is considered one of the most effective systems capable of achieving economic stability amid global economic fluctuations. This has led traditional commercial banks to compete in offering Islamic banking services. The problem of this study lies in the fear of Libyan banks that the Islamic banking transition project may fail due to the numerous challenges and obstacles it faces. The study aims to explore the opinions and expectations of bank officials and managers regarding the future of the transition to Islamic banking in Libya. The importance of this study stems from its potential to enrich the scientific literature and provide new data and insights for researchers and stakeholders interested in this topic. The study concluded that the future of the transition to Islamic banking in Libya is expected to be positive.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the incentive system and its impact on the quality of healthcare services at health centers in Tripoli, specifically at the Abu Salim Clinics Complex. These clinics were selected due to their location in a densely populated area, the high number of staff and patients compared to other health centers in Tripoli, and the range of medical and health services they provide. The complex employs approximately 290 staff members—75% medical and allied health personnel and 25% administrative staff—and serves around 100,000 cases annually (2017–2019). The Abu Salim Clinics Complex functions as a secondary healthcare facility, bridging primary health centers and major hospitals, with clinics in general medicine, pediatrics, surgery, diabetes, orthopedics, dentistry, dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, ENT, physiotherapy, radiology, and laboratory services. The study addresses the problem of low employee performance at health centers, attributed to factors such as inadequate incentive systems, insufficient training of medical and administrative staff, weak support services, and gaps in implementing and updating laws and regulations. The researchers argue that adopting a structured incentive system in health institutions positively influences job performance, thereby improving service quality and patient satisfaction. The research emphasizes the importance of material and moral incentives in motivating employees, enhancing job performance, and ensuring that organizational and personal goals are aligned. The study also considers the role of Islamic teachings in encouraging good behavior and performance through reward and recognition principles. The objectives of the study are: To assess the importance of material and moral incentives for staff at the Abu Salim Clinics Complex. To measure the impact of material incentives on employee progress and performance. To evaluate the effect of incentives on specific performance improvement elements. To identify demographic differences (gender, marital status, age, education level, experience, and job role) in staff perceptions of incentives. The study used an analytical approach with a survey instrument distributed to 80 staff members, with 60 responses analyzed. The survey included 18 items divided into three main axes to evaluate staff satisfaction and the relationship between incentives and performance. This research highlights the crucial role of incentive systems in improving the quality of healthcare services and provides insights for practical and scientific application in health administration.

Abstract

This research paper examines the history of the expenses and banquets of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, entitled “The Useful History on the Facts of the Expenses and Banquets of Harun al-Rashid.” The researcher clarifies the terms used in the title: “history” refers to historical events related to Caliph Harun al-Rashid; “useful” denotes authentic, beneficial, and unaltered narratives; “facts” represent verified historical data confirmed by credible Islamic sources; and “expenses” refer to the amounts spent by the Caliph on these banquets. The study aims to highlight the generosity and benevolence of Caliph Harun al-Rashid and the social role he played in providing food for the community. It also seeks to quantify the expenditures for these banquets and examine the factors contributing to his high levels of generosity and hospitality. The researcher employed a methodology based on historical narration, extracting verified accounts free from political bias, as well as historical analysis and comparative methods to present accurate, unaltered historical facts. The paper is divided into three main sections: the first provides a brief overview of Harun al-Rashid’s life, including his biography and the historical roots of his generosity and largesse; the second details his banquets during weddings, drawing from credible Islamic historical sources and documenting their expenses; and the third focuses on the Caliph’s banquets for hospitality, similarly supported by key historical sources. The paper concludes with a summary of the main findings and a comprehensive list of references and sources used to compile the research.

This 367-page book is a rare study of Arab-Islamic heritage, documenting treasures, gifts, banquets, and diplomatic exchanges from the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. It highlights two main themes: the material culture of caliphs, rulers, and notable figures, and the diplomatic ties between Arab and foreign kingdoms. The ten chapters cover gifts, famous banquets, feasts, ceremonies, rare treasures, inherited possessions, estates of caliphs’ families, spoils of war, hidden wealth, and pre-Islamic expenditures. An appendix illustrates Fatimid-era artifacts from the Islamic Art Museum in