Here we present a new issue of the journal, brought to light despite the many challenges we have faced—chief among them, limited financial resources that disrupted regular publication. Yet, with God’s help, the persistence of the Editorial Board, and the support of our researchers and readers, we have sustained a journey that has lasted for over twenty-five years. As we place this issue in your hands, we look forward to your continued contributions that enrich knowledge and strengthen the bridges of communication between us.

Abstract

This research examines the Qur’an’s argument against the Jews regarding the fundamentals of divine doctrinal laws as presented in Surah Al-Baqarah. The study highlights how the Qur’an confirms earlier scriptures, reminds the People of the Book of their forgotten covenants, and establishes the message of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a continuation of previous revelations. It emphasizes the Qur’an’s method of reasoning with clarity, repetition, and diverse rhetorical styles to refute false claims and affirm the unity of divine messages. The research also explores the significance of Surah Al-Baqarah in demonstrating the harmony of Islamic principles with earlier divine laws, especially those of Abraham and Moses. By employing descriptive, comparative, and analytical approaches, the study concludes that the Qur’an serves as both proof and guidance for humanity, confirming the truth of previous prophets while finalizing the divine message with Islam.

Abstract

This study explores the life and contributions of Abu Nizar al-Hasan ibn Ṣāfī al-Baghdādī (489–568 AH / 1096–1173 AD), famously known as the “King of Grammarians” (Malik al-Nuhāt). Born in Baghdad, he mastered Arabic linguistics, Islamic jurisprudence, and other sciences under renowned scholars, and later traveled across Wasit, Khurasan, Kerman, Ghazna, and Syria, where he became a distinguished teacher. Ibn Ṣāfī was noted for his sharp criticism of prominent grammarians such as Sibawayh, Ibn Jinni, and al-Fārisi, which sparked considerable debate among his contemporaries. He authored several works in grammar, morphology, jurisprudence, and literature, most of which are lost, except for references to his “Ten Exhaustive Issues until Resurrection.” This paper highlights his unique grammatical views, his scholarly position, his teachers and students, and the impact of his critical approach on the development of Arabic linguistic studies.

Abstract

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger. The Islamic community, based on the Qur’an, the sayings of the Prophet ﷺ, and the accounts of the pious and righteous, agrees that sending prayers upon the Prophet ﷺ and his family and companions is among the most beneficial acts of worship and the best forms of obedience. The Qur’an encourages this practice, as stated: “Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and greet him with peace.” Those who have attained spiritual perfection have found that sending blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ serves as a means to reach Allah, brings safety on the path of God, and opens the doors to divine peace. This study is divided into two main sections. The first section addresses the obligation of loving the Prophet ﷺ more than anyone else, with three subtopics: the definition of love and its types, signs of love for the Prophet ﷺ, and the fruits of this love. The second section focuses on the virtues of sending prayers upon the Prophet ﷺ, with three subtopics: the interpretation of the Qur’anic verse encouraging this practice, the general virtues and encouragement to send blessings, and the special merits of sending prayers upon the Prophet ﷺ on Fridays. Each section references relevant authentic Hadiths illustrating the obligation of love and the virtues of invoking blessings on the Beloved of Allah. The study also clarifies the meaning of sending prayers upon the Prophet ﷺ, which in the linguistic sense refers primarily to two concepts: supplication and seeking blessings.

Abstract

Family planning programs are among the most significant factors influencing the decline in fertility rates. They aim to enable couples to have children in a controlled and planned manner, considering the social and economic conditions of the family, without coercion. Family planning ensures that births are not left to chance and represents a key indicator of social, economic, and cultural development. It addresses the challenges of unplanned population growth and indirectly stimulates social development. Many governments have recognized the risks of uncontrolled population increase, making family planning the most effective approach to reducing high birth rates. The concept of family planning is closely linked to birth control and family planning, though these terms differ, leading to some confusion. Family planning encompasses activities related to controlling reproduction, timing of pregnancies, addressing infertility, and enabling individuals to plan the size and timing of their families. Effective programs provide individuals with education, information, and services to control family size and ensure informed reproductive choices. Socially, family planning impacts child upbringing, distribution of responsibilities, and family solidarity, harmonizing family objectives with social functions. Historically, methods of family planning, such as coitus interruptus, have been acknowledged and permitted within Islamic tradition under mutual consent of spouses. Rapid population growth significantly impacts available resources and the effectiveness of developmental plans, especially in developing countries. Family planning helps regulate fertility trends, improves maternal and child health, reduces early marriage, enhances women’s participation in education and the labor market, and elevates family aspirations for a better quality of life. This study focuses on the relationship between family planning and fertility and its effects on demographic growth in Libya, which has experienced a notable decline in population growth rates from 4.21% in 1984 to 1.83% in 2006. Crude birth rates and fertility rates have decreased significantly, highlighting concerns about Libya’s future demographic balance, particularly given migration pressures from neighboring countries with higher growth rates. The study examines the main social, economic, cultural, legal, religious, and educational factors affecting contraceptive use and fertility levels. It employs multiple methodological approaches, including descriptive, comparative, historical, rapid assessment, statistical analysis, and desk research methods. The research aims to inform policymakers and planners to develop effective strategies to manage fertility, ensure sustainable demographic growth, and mitigate potential socio-economic and security risks related to population changes in Libya.

Abstract

The mere availability of the ability to work is not sufficient; individuals give their best not only in terms of personal or overall productivity, but also in the proper use of raw materials, production tools, adherence to work systems, and collaboration with others. In addition to this ability, there must be a willingness, enthusiasm, and commitment to all matters related to the development of the industrial institution in which individuals work. Given the importance of this topic and its direct relevance to the research subject, the study addresses it in detail through several sections. The first section deals with the definition of motives and their classifications. The second section focuses on incentives, providing their definitions and types. The third section examines the relationship between needs, motives, and incentives. The fourth and final section briefly reviews theories of motivation.