Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on certain aspects of economic development in the Libyan economy during the period (2000–2015), using the descriptive-analytical method. The results revealed that fluctuations in the share of FDI in Libya’s GDP at varying levels indicated that the impact of FDI on economic development in Libya was only marginal. The study also showed that FDI did not contribute to the growth of economic sectors, which resulted in weak economic growth and bottlenecks between productive sectors.

Abstract

The United Nations has established several mechanisms to support women’s rights, reaffirming them through numerous international charters and conventions. This study examines the UN’s efforts to protect women’s rights and ensure state compliance. It is structured into three main areas: protection within UN human rights bodies, within international treaties specific to women, and through specialized international organizations. Since its founding in 1945, the UN has played a key role in promoting human rights by issuing declarations and treaties, monitoring state commitments, and preventing states from dismissing these obligations under the guise of domestic jurisdiction. Key bodies such as the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the Secretariat, and the Security Council have been entrusted with responsibilities in this field. The General Assembly, in particular, has adopted major instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent treaties, while also recommending the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). These mechanisms demonstrate the UN’s ongoing role in reinforcing international respect for women’s rights and addressing violations through global cooperation.

Abstract

Libya’s geographic location has historically played a pivotal role in shaping its relations with African countries in general and neighboring states in particular. This strategic position facilitated extensive political, economic, cultural, and social interactions, supported by shared interests and historical, geographic, economic, religious, and political factors. Islamic influence, beginning with the Islamic conquest of Libya, significantly contributed to the spread of culture and trade routes across North and West Africa, promoting commerce, migration, and intercultural exchange. Libya’s caravan trade networks, including key routes to Kano, Zinder, and Wadai, enhanced economic activities and connected African markets with Europe. The interactions also strengthened social and cultural bonds, leading to long-term settlement of Libyan and Arab traders in neighboring regions.

Abstract

Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society, as they require special care and protection. Their rights exceed their duties due to their young age and limited ability to safeguard themselves from violations. This vulnerability is amplified during armed conflicts, where children face direct risks from military operations and indirect effects such as school and hospital closures, destruction of resources, and psychological trauma that hinders their natural development. This study focuses on the importance of protecting children under international law and human rights conventions, both in times of peace and conflict. It analyzes international treaties, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other human rights instruments, that guarantee these protections. The study also highlights violations against children during armed conflicts and examines the effectiveness of international legal frameworks in ensuring their protection. The research emphasizes that child protection is a global responsibility and a cornerstone of society, as children represent the future of humanity. It underscores the necessity of implementing practical mechanisms to ensure children enjoy their rights from birth, including the right to life, freedom from slavery, legal recognition, equality, and education. Failure to protect these rights may threaten both social stability and humanity at large.

Abstract

This study aims to explore the Libyan political and administrative context from the perspective of activating the role of local governance with the support of civil society institutions, within the framework of key concepts such as decentralization, local governance, and civil society organizations. The study seeks to shed light on the scope and outcomes of civil society participation in the political process in Libya as a support for local governance. Furthermore, it examines the roles, programs, and campaigns through which the concept of partnership between the central government, local governance, civil society, and various social forces and frameworks is promoted. Consequently, this approach contributes to strengthening shared responsibility, enhancing community initiatives to build the capacities of local councils, improving coordination between local councils, emphasizing constitutional arrangements, reinforcing the regulatory and oversight functions, supporting the electoral process, and promoting transparency within the political system.

The book Identity and Violence by Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate, offers a deep analysis of how multiple identities influence contemporary conflicts. Sen argues that focusing on a single fixed identity—whether religious or cultural—heightens the likelihood of violence and division, while recognizing the plurality of human identities reduces conflict and fosters understanding. The book examines historical examples, such as the Partition of India, critiques Western theories like the “clash of civilizations,” and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing religious affiliations from other aspects of identity to avoid misusing religion to justify violence. It also explores religious tolerance, cultural diversity, and the role of identity in shaping social and political relationships, making it an essential reference for understanding the link between identity and violence in modern societies.