Abstract

The aim of this research paper is to explore the theory and practice of total quality management in the police forces of the Gharyan Security Directorate. To achieve this goal, two main axes were used: First - The theoretical aspect: This course will cover the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the institutional system, including all its definitions, the principles of implementing TQM in police agencies, the obstacles to implementing TQM in police agencies, and the search for ways to develop it. Second - Practical Aspect: A questionnaire was used as the primary means of data collection and was distributed to 325 police officers. A primary hypothesis for this study was established: There is a lack of awareness of the concept and importance of implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) within the Gharyan Municipality police force. The results were largely consistent with the research hypothesis, as senior management lacks awareness of the importance of TQM, and there is insufficient planning to develop administrative work within the directorate and its affiliated agencies. Based on this, a set of recommendations was formulated, the most important of which is the need to open a Quality Management Office in the Gharyan Security Directorate, introduce the concept of TQM, and begin the practical application of TQM standards within the city's police forces, followed by the subsequent dissemination of this experience to other directorates in Libya.

Abstract

This study aims to highlight unemployment in the Arab world as one of the major economic and social challenges that threaten community stability and hinder development efforts. It explores the causes and different types of unemployment, outlining its negative impacts on living conditions, health, education, and social cohesion. The study also discusses coping strategies, including economic and educational reforms, labor market support, and investment promotion, in order to reduce unemployment rates and strengthen social development.

Abstract

This study addresses political socialization in the context of the digital knowledge era and its rapid transformations. It highlights the role of modern technology, social networks, and intelligent systems in reshaping political values and culture, particularly in Arab societies. The study also explores the challenges and opportunities posed by the digital environment for political socialization, as well as the role of both traditional and modern institutions in fostering effective political participation among new generations.

Abstract

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has popped up as one of the terrifying events in the 21st century. Lockdown was one of the precautionary measures taken by many nations including Arab. Such an unusual situation has led people to follow-up news all over the available resources, especially over the Internet. That is, the news of COVID-19 has become their primary concern. In this study, the authors’ aim was to analyze COVID-19 news, specifically the ones directed to the Arabic nation through visiting the most popular news sites. Pragmatic analysis was applied to find out which types of speech acts were mostly used. Several results emerged after reviewing some of the COVID-19 news on Arab websites. The directive speech act was determined to be the most commonly used approach in the study. The findings of this study are useful for future researchers and students as well. Those who are involved in analyzing speech act methods can have this study as a reference, especially with what relates to Arabic context.

Abstract

The building visual model was the main aim of this study that based on the Keynesian theory and the subsequent developments of demand for money, the visual model of the study adopted some hypotheses for money supply function that was mentioned in a previous study by Ben Taher (2021), the study is considered as first attempt for obtaining visual model has ability to explain the Libyan money market and interpret the effect of some economic policies conducted recently by the Libyan authorities. The descriptive analysis method, mathematical equations and figures were used to examine four principle hypotheses proving the inability of the traditional formula to explain the economic variables affecting the Libyan money market. The main results of the theoretical investigation showed that the required amount of the Libyan dinar is changed positively with public expenditure and inversely with the exchange rate of the Libyan dinar in the black market. The study results were deferent of recent previous study conducted by Ben Taher (2021), where found that the change in the quantity of money supply depends on the Central Bank of Libya (CBL) decisions to print more banknotes to meet money demand surplus and also depends on the legislative authority’s decisions to authorize CBL to lend the government for funding the public budget deficit. The results also found that there is an inverse relationship between the lack of liquidity and the exchange rate of the Libyan dinar in the black market.

Abstract

This paper aims to throw light on some of the most important borrowing in English language, that is from German language. The German words are used in day today life and all the time. Anyone having little idea of these borrowing will easily understand both the languages. The focus here is on the history of German language and how British old English was used in German Language. Several researchers have proved the fact that vocabulary plays the central role in teaching language. English as a foreign language is not an exception to it as a learn to devote much efforts and time to understand and enhance and use the vocabulary. The various technique is used to help language learner tackle the different in learning everything in a language. To understand language and its etymology better one has to have a general idea of the history of the language. The history of English language generally began with German invasion Britain in the 5th century AD The English language has seen three area of development old 450-1150, ..middle 1150 to 1500 and early modern English 1500-18. Late modern English after 1800.The old English was spoken by German tribes which had much different from the current language but it had half of the vocabulary from the d English roots be strong water up to 1100. Greek words started in practice in 600 AD in 400 AD Latin words started adding to English. And a William Conquered Duke French word was used by the upper elite class during Chaucer time. These borrowing of German, French and Greek became part of English and around 10,000 words of French made inroad in the English language. The sun never set on the British empire as the adopted many foreign words including Sanskrit, Hindi& Urdu coming up and integrating into the main language from different countries this led to an emergence of difference between commonwealth, British and American English. Which is now spoken by more than billion around the world now or more.