In this issue, which we present to our esteemed reader, you will find a collection of diverse and purposeful topics and studies across different fields and horizons of knowledge, aimed at making a genuine and effective contribution to the intellectual and human development of our beloved society, in order to reach a brighter future for the rising generations. This is made possible through the cooperation between the editorial team, researchers, and reviewers who continue to exert effort and give tirelessly without fatigue or weariness. We once again call upon all researchers in the social and human sciences to share their scholarly contributions of studies and topics, in order to enrich the scientific and cultural journey with steady steps toward achieving the aspirations we all seek.

Abstract

This treatise covers the meaning of *fa’l* (omen) linguistically and legally, its ruling, the ruling on taking omens from the Qur’an, the ruling on optimism based on what is heard or seen, and whether it falls under the category of drawing lots (*qur’ah*) or astrology. It also addresses the ruling on claiming knowledge of the unseen regarding future matters through astrology, omens, lots, and others, as well as the ruling on superstition and pessimism based on what is heard, seen, months, days, numbers, and other matters.

Abstract

This research paper aims to study the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and evaluate its articles in light of Islamic legislation. The problem of this research lies in explaining the points of conflict between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Islamic Sharia, while clarifying the extent of compatibility between the Declaration and Islamic Sharia. This research centers on this comparison and also aims to highlight the characteristics and features that distinguish Islamic Sharia from others. The researcher adopted the descriptive and comparative approaches to achieve the objectives and goals leading to the most important results and recommendations. One of the key findings is that Islamic Sharia is superior, more sublime, more comprehensive, more complete, and more prudent than all human constitutions and charters, thus achieving justice for human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights aligns with Islamic Sharia in many rights and freedoms, but some of its other clauses conflict and clash with it. This clash revealed the dilemmas of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, its obstacles in addressing contemporary problems, its lack of universality due to its Western formulation without considering religions, its omission of certain rights, its focus on the individual over the community, and its unclear reference.

Abstract

The phenomenon of materialistic strife worsened, especially during the era of the Taifa kings, and it continued extensively, leading to boasting and displays of pomp and luxury, even competing with neighboring kings and the aristocracy. Naturally, these classes were characterized by excessive wealth, leading them to waste public funds on all life's pleasures. Under these tumultuous transformations, the door was opened to the spread of unreasonable luxury, and literature reflected this prevailing lifestyle, resulting in an increase in poems and poetry gatherings. Thus, the fifth Hijri century (eleventh century CE) was considered the beginning of the dissolution of Umayyad cohesion and a warning of worse to come.

Abstract

The professor is a fundamental element in the education system, and in improving the educational process and developing its performance. Universities are also among the most important educational institutions that work to prepare qualified cadres to lead the society and its individuals and direct them towards the desired goals, which calls for attention to preparing those responsible for providing students with knowledge. The professor is responsible for contributing to building minds, supporting human will, and qualifying them intellectually, mentally, emotionally, and morally. Through this research, we aim to highlight the necessity of applying quality standards when preparing university professors by the concerned parties in the Ministry of Higher Education and responsible institutions, and to urge the establishment of regulations, standards, and controls that enable raising the level of their performance and their contribution to achieving sustainable development in society. We also aim to introduce the most important characteristics of the Total Quality Management (TQM) system in higher education and identify its effectiveness, in addition to defining the concept of quality and Total Quality Management in higher education, while identifying its most important requirements, foundations, principles, elements, values, standards, and key approaches. The most important adopted standards for total quality in preparing the university professor will be defined. Shedding light on this innovative system, which has proven effective, especially in a number of developed countries like Japan and Singapore... etc., is a matter of great importance. We followed the analytical descriptive approach in preparing this research.

Abstract

It is almost self-evident that Libya is one of the world's most important tourist destinations, endowed with human and natural components capable of competing in global tourism. Since these tourist components form the very foundation of tourism, it is imperative to provide all supporting capabilities for tourist activity and to prepare conditions that ensure the optimal reception for waves of tourists arriving from all corners of the world during the annual tourist seasons. Thus, the core problem can be summarized in the vandalism of these tourist landmarks (antiquities of various types) contrasted with a lack of concern from officials regarding this issue. As long as this heritage remains neglected, it is necessary to highlight some of the problems it suffers from, in the hope that they will find a listening ear. Needless to say, the importance of this study stems from its aim to identify the spatial characteristics of the natural and human components in the study area.