Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of the private sector in the development process and the main challenges it faces in developing countries. It also proposed public-private partnership as a strategic option and addressed the reality of the private sector in Libya. The study employed an analytical descriptive approach. The results showed that political and economic transformations had a significant impact on the role of the private sector in Libya. At certain periods, the economy relied entirely on the public sector, freezing the private sector’s role, and legislation hindered its operation. Additionally, Libya suffers from low rankings in international indices, such as the Economic Freedom Index and the Corruption Perceptions Index, discouraging foreign investors from entering the Libyan market. The study recommends establishing a strategy to build trust and partnership between the sectors, enhance the role of the private sector in development, and reform the general framework of economic policies and legislation. Keywords: Private Sector – Economic Development – Partnership

Abstract

This paper aims to study the legislation and laws related to construction, such as Urban Planning Law No. (3) of 1369, its executive regulation under the decision of the General People's Committee No. (460) of 1377/2009, and the Local Governance Law No. (59) of 2012 along with its executive regulation attached to the Council of Ministers’ Decision No. (130) of 2013. The study analyzes the impact of these laws on land use, urban renewal, reconstruction, and the urban development and growth of cities in Libya, as well as their effects on the urban landscape. The paper also highlights the comprehensiveness of these laws, their occasional conflicts, and the resulting effects on the urban features of cities, while also referring to other laws related to urban renewal, such as investment laws, and attempts to identify their shortcomings despite the absence of an explicit urban renewal law as seen in other countries. Keywords: Concept of legislation and laws – Reconstruction – Urban Renewal – Law No. (3) and its Executive Regulation – Law No. (59) and its Executive Regulation

Abstract

The study aimed to establish a common framework between the system of urban management and reconstruction processes in cities affected by destruction and damage. It concluded that achieving political, administrative, and security stability is essential, alongside the participation of both public and private sectors for the success of reconstruction programs. Effective coordination among city administrations is also crucial, in addition to the vital role of the local community (city residents) in managing and rebuilding the city, thereby reinforcing the principle of collective responsibility among all components of the urban structure. Keywords: Urban Management – Cities – Reconstruction

Abstract

In recent years, cities and urban areas have become the focus of international institutions, civil society organizations, and researchers in the field of urban development. This growing interest is mainly driven by three factors: first, the demographic shift revealed by global statistics showing that, since 2007, more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities, marking an unprecedented change in settlement patterns. Second, the significant contribution of major urban areas to greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste, which have been linked to pollution and climate change. Third, the unsustainable patterns of urbanization that have led to major environmental, social, and economic challenges. In 2022, several international reports were published addressing development, economy, and climate change. These reports provided descriptions of prevailing living conditions, data analysis, and roadmaps for achieving sustainability. This paper reviews key insights from those reports concerning urban sustainability and resilience. The adopted methodology is based on three steps: selecting reports with explicit urban focus, analyzing their main components related to urban patterns, challenges, and future scenarios, and finally proposing measures and policies relevant to the local context. Keywords: Cities – Sustainability – Urban Resilience – Urban Planning

Abstract

Sustainable development is a key issue that plays a significant role in improving quality of life in various aspects—particularly the social dimension—and especially in developing countries that continue to struggle with underdevelopment. In Libya, sustainable development programs have faced multiple obstacles that hindered their success at both the social-environment level and the planning level, despite the availability of vast oil resources. The study reviews the concepts of sustainable development, planning, and social development, analyzes the main stages of Libya’s development efforts, and highlights the economic, cultural, and social challenges that impeded progress. It concludes that achieving sustainable development in Libya requires strategies tailored to the local context, a supportive socio-economic environment, and the adoption of systematic planning and institutional coordination to ensure successful projects and genuine socio-economic transformation. Keywords: Sustainable Development Programs – Planning – Social Development.

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the nature and scope of the expected economic impacts of accelerating Libya’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on development and reconstruction efforts. To achieve this, the study reviewed the main features of the WTO, the membership-related steps Libya has previously taken or is expected to take, and provided an overview of the current state of the Libyan economy—its major characteristics and shortcomings that shaped its present condition. The research further examined the potential effects of full WTO membership and its implications for development and reconstruction, as well as the justifications for expediting the accession process. The findings indicate that full accession is no longer an optional choice but an urgent necessity driven by several factors in Libya’s favor. These include securing the benefits and rights of full membership granted to developing countries, improving revenues from hydrocarbons and petrochemical exports, reducing the rising costs of non-accession, creating a favorable environment for local and foreign investment, boosting foreign direct investment inflows, enhancing economic growth rates, reviving the stalled privatization program, and supporting reform, restructuring, and economic diversification to reduce structural dependence on the oil sector. Keywords: World Trade Organization – Development – Reconstruction – Libyan Economy.